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What is a mammogram?

A mammogram is a highly sensitive X-ray of the breast using very low levels of radiation to diagnose breast abnormalities and cancer at its earliest stages, before it can be felt or cause symptoms.

Two types of mammograms are performed: screening and diagnostic exams. A screening mammogram is recommended yearly for women over age 40. This exam helps to initially diagnose abnormalities. A diagnostic mammogram is used to evaluate women who currently have a problem or symptom such as a palpable lump, pain in the breast, nipple discharge or those who had a previous screening mammogram that requires additional views.
 
How often should this exam be performed?
Women are recommended to have a baseline mammogram performed between ages 35 and 40. The American Cancer Society recommends yearly mammograms beginning at age 40. Breast self-examinations should be performed monthly.
 
What does the exam involve?
A mammogram usually involves taking two X-rays of each breast, one taken from the side, and one from the top. The breast must be compressed or squeezed between two flat surfaces for the pictures to properly show detail of the breast. The compression may be uncomfortable, however, it is only for a short period of time (a few seconds) for each picture. More images using mammography or ultrasound may be required if the radiologist sees an area in the breast that is unclear or abnormal-looking.
 
 



 
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